{"id":95251,"date":"2026-07-21T09:11:38","date_gmt":"2026-07-21T02:11:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/impress.vn\/?p=95251"},"modified":"2026-07-21T09:11:38","modified_gmt":"2026-07-21T02:11:38","slug":"quy-trinh-hoan-tien-giao-dich-the","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/impress.vn\/en\/tin-tuc\/quy-trinh-hoan-tien-giao-dich-the\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec Sao Thanh To\u00e1n Ch\u1ec9 M\u1ea5t V\u00e0i Gi\u00e2y Nh\u01b0ng Ho\u00e0n Ti\u1ec1n L\u1ea1i M\u1ea5t V\u00e0i Ng\u00e0y?"},"content":{"rendered":"

“Sao l\u00fac tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec nhanh v\u1eady m\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i ch\u1edd c\u1ea3 tu\u1ea7n?” \u2014 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hay v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh thanh to\u00e1n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ebb<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang kh\u00e2u n\u00e0o \u0111ang g\u00e2y ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 khi c\u00f3 khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u00ec sao refund kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 “ph\u00e1t l\u1ea1i giao d\u1ecbch thanh to\u00e1n theo chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c”, c\u00f9ng 9 b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong lu\u1ed3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

\"S\u01a1<\/figure>\n

Refund kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “thanh to\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c”<\/h2>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a giao d\u1ecbch thanh to\u00e1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, refund l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi<\/strong>, t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi giao d\u1ecbch g\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian settlement (quy\u1ebft to\u00e1n) ri\u00eang. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao thanh to\u00e1n ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ee9c th\u00ec trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y, trong khi ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf l\u00ean. So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh authorization giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ebb<\/a> \u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u0169ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, refund l\u1ea1i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao thanh to\u00e1n nhanh nh\u01b0ng ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n ch\u1eadm<\/h2>\n

Lu\u1ed3ng thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9: giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c authorize (x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c) g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, merchant nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn trong t\u00edch t\u1eafc, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, vi\u1ec7c mua h\u00e0ng coi nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t ngay t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m qu\u1ecdt th\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

Refund th\u00ec v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00e1c \u2014 \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. Merchant ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch refund m\u1edbi, giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c qua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i thanh to\u00e1n (PSP \u2192 acquiring bank \u2192 issuing bank), v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh (issuing bank) nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 ghi c\u00f3 (post credit) th\u00ec s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i trong t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t \u2014 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, khi\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau d\u00f9 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t merchant.<\/p>\n

9 b\u01b0\u1edbc trong quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ebb<\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi thanh to\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n v\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi, ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i 9 b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i merchant.<\/li>\n
  2. Merchant g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n t\u1edbi PSP (nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thanh to\u00e1n).<\/li>\n
  3. PSP c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho merchant.<\/li>\n
  4. PSP g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng thanh to\u00e1n (acquiring bank) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
  5. Acquiring bank ghi c\u00f3 (credit) v\u00e0o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n trung gian ph\u00eda kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
  6. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh (issuing bank) \u2014 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u2014 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n
  7. Issuing bank th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i cho acquiring bank x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
  8. Acquiring bank th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho PSP, PSP li\u00ean k\u1ebft kho\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u g\u1ed1c.<\/li>\n
  9. PSP th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho merchant v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t \u2014 kh\u00e9p v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    So s\u00e1nh lu\u1ed3ng thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n<\/h2>\n

    Lu\u1ed3ng thanh to\u00e1n \u0111i theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1: kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o giao d\u1ecbch \u2192 gateway\/PSP x\u1eed l\u00fd \u2192 acquiring bank \u2192 card network (m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ebb) \u2192 issuing bank \u2192 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft to\u00e1n \u2192 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    Lu\u1ed3ng ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n \u0111i qua g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u1eaft x\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 (merchant, PSP, acquiring bank, issuing bank) nh\u01b0ng theo chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ri\u00eang \u1edf t\u1eebng ch\u1eb7ng \u2014 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 “ph\u00e1t l\u1ea1i” giao d\u1ecbch thanh to\u00e1n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

    \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00fap merchant v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u00fang k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n \u0111ang “k\u1eb9t” \u1edf kh\u00e2u n\u00e0o khi ph\u00e1t sinh khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u1eefu \u00edch khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch SLA (cam k\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd) ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ho\u1eb7c khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i refund theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c tr\u00ean \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng\/portal ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u2014 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng acquiring hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/a> theo d\u00f5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

    R\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/h2>\n
      \n
    1. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t to\u00e0n ng\u00e0nh<\/strong> \u2014 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 9 b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00eau tr\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tham kh\u1ea3o t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n ng\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t scheme th\u1ebb hay ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. S\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y t\u1eebng PSP ho\u1eb7c acquirer \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
    2. Th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c issuing bank<\/strong> \u2014 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ghi nh\u1eadn kho\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n c\u00f2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 SLA \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n
    3. D\u1ec5 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi “void” (h\u1ee7y giao d\u1ecbch)<\/strong> \u2014 void l\u00e0 h\u1ee7y giao d\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi capture (thu ti\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf), x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh h\u01a1n refund r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec ti\u1ec1n ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ed9i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y khi t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n