{"id":95264,"date":"2026-07-28T10:08:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-28T03:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/impress.vn\/?p=95264"},"modified":"2026-07-28T10:08:00","modified_gmt":"2026-07-28T03:08:00","slug":"he-sinh-thai-thanh-toan-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/impress.vn\/en\/tin-tuc\/he-sinh-thai-thanh-toan-viet-nam\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ec7 Sinh Th\u00e1i Thanh To\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: B\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ed3 Actor V\u00e0 Chu\u1ed7i Gi\u00e1 Tr\u1ecb 8 B\u01b0\u1edbc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n, qu\u1eb9t th\u1ebb hay qu\u00e9t m\u00e3 QR tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00eda sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p: ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trung gian thanh to\u00e1n, h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, card scheme qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eafn tin t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 IT v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh thanh to\u00e1n t\u1ea1i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm r\u00f5 ai \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec trong <strong>h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i thanh to\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y l\u00fang t\u00fang khi t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c m\u1edbi, khi tra so\u00e1t m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch l\u1ed7i, ho\u1eb7c khi gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh v\u00ec sao s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba l\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb 8 b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch \u0111i qua, v\u00e0 12 nh\u00f3m actor ch\u00ednh tham gia v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\" style=\"margin: 1.5em 0;\"><img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 100%; height: auto; display: block;\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271429%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201429%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271429%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/impress.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/vietnam-payment-ecosystem-watermarked-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i thanh to\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam - chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m actor tham gia\" \/><\/figure>\n<h2>V\u00ec sao ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i thanh to\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam?<\/h2>\n<p>Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tham gia h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i thanh to\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u00ean ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh th\u1ebb\/t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn thanh to\u00e1n cho merchant, v\u1eeba gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 settlement bank \u2014 tu\u1ef3 v\u00e0o giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd. NAPAS v\u1eeba v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch\/b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb, v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd trung gian thanh to\u00e1n. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 chung \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb t\u1eebng b\u00ean trong t\u1eebng giao d\u1ecbch, vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n SLA v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c, hay \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro khi t\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n m\u1edbi s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<h2>Chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb 8 b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch thanh to\u00e1n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch thanh to\u00e1n, d\u00f9 kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb k\u00eanh n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 theo chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t g\u1ed3m 8 b\u01b0\u1edbc sau. L\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u2014 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 qua \u0111\u00fang 8 b\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 gi\u1eefa routing, clearing, settlement c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau tu\u1ef3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"8\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>B\u01b0\u1edbc<\/th>\n<th>\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/th>\n<th>Actor \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh tham gia<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1. Customer<\/td>\n<td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o nhu c\u1ea7u thanh to\u00e1n (c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, SME, doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch)<\/td>\n<td>Customer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2. Commerce<\/td>\n<td>N\u01a1i ph\u00e1t sinh nhu c\u1ea7u mua b\u00e1n (s\u00e0n TM\u0110T, super app, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng offline\/online)<\/td>\n<td>Digital Platform, Merchant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3. Acceptance<\/td>\n<td>K\u00eanh\/ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn thanh to\u00e1n (Mobile Banking, Internet Banking, e-wallet, POS, SoftPOS, QR, ATM, CRM\/CDM)<\/td>\n<td>Payment Channel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4. Processing<\/td>\n<td>X\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch ph\u00eda trung gian thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p (v\u00ed, gateway, QR, thu h\u1ed9\/chi h\u1ed9)<\/td>\n<td>Licensed Payment Intermediary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5. Routing<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn giao d\u1ecbch t\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng\/t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn qua h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch<\/td>\n<td>Domestic Infrastructure, Bank (Issuer\/Acquirer)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6. Clearing<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, t\u00ednh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean<\/td>\n<td>Domestic Infrastructure, Bank<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7. Settlement<\/td>\n<td>Chuy\u1ec3n giao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Settlement Bank<\/td>\n<td>Bank (Settlement Bank), Domestic Infrastructure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8. Recipient<\/td>\n<td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cu\u1ed1i chu\u1ed7i<\/td>\n<td>Customer, Merchant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ebb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/impress.vn\/en\/tin-tuc\/vong-doi-giao-dich-thanh-toan\/\">v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi giao d\u1ecbch thanh to\u00e1n<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean Impress.<\/p>\n<h2>12 nh\u00f3m actor tham gia h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i thanh to\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>Theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c actor \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m th\u00e0nh 12 nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh sau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u2014 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ean doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh minh ho\u1ea1, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 hay x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h3>Nh\u00f3m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o nhu c\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Regulator<\/strong> \u2014 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam (SBV): c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (quy \u0111\u1ecbnh thanh to\u00e1n, AML\/CFT, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Customer<\/strong> \u2014 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, SME, doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Merchant<\/strong> \u2014 merchant offline, merchant online, marketplace, nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Digital Platform \/ Super App<\/strong> \u2014 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh ho\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 Shopee, TikTok Shop, Lazada, Tiki, Grab, ShopeeFood.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Nh\u00f3m k\u00eanh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Payment Channel<\/strong> \u2014 Mobile Banking, Internet Banking, e-wallet, POS, SoftPOS, QR, ATM, CRM\/CDM, v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m Payment Agents (\u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd thu h\u1ed9\/chi h\u1ed9, thanh to\u00e1n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n, banking h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Licensed Payment Intermediary<\/strong> \u2014 chia 3 nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m minh ho\u1ea1: v\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (MoMo, ZaloPay, ShopeePay, Viettel Money, SmartPay), c\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n merchant (VNPay, OnePay, AlePay, 9Pay), v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thanh to\u00e1n kh\u00e1c (Payoo, BacKim, NganLuong, VNPT EPAY).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bank<\/strong> \u2014 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1eef 3 vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: Issuer (ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n\/th\u1ebb), Acquirer (ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn thanh to\u00e1n merchant), Settlement Bank (gi\u1eef v\u1ed1n, treasury, settlement).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Domestic Infrastructure<\/strong> \u2014 NAPAS (chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch\/b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc), VietQR (chu\u1ea9n\/nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n QR qu\u1ed1c gia), IBPS\/CITAD (thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft to\u00e1n li\u00ean ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng), ACH (b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng), RTGS (quy\u1ebft to\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Nh\u00f3m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>International Scheme<\/strong> \u2014 Visa, Mastercard, JCB, UnionPay, American Express, Discover, Diners Club.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cross-Border Provider<\/strong> \u2014 chia theo n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c: Pay-in Networks (TerraPay, Thunes, Tranglo), Global Payment Infrastructure (Xenith, NIUM, Rapyd, Tazapay), Treasury &amp; FX (Airwallex, Wise, Currencycloud, Banking Circle), v\u00e0 Financial Messaging Network \u2014 SWIFT.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Global Participant<\/strong> \u2014 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, v\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thanh to\u00e1n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c, settlement bank v\u00e0 merchant ph\u00eda qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Technology Vendor<\/strong> \u2014 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh ho\u1ea1: Fis, Fiserv, ACI Worldwide, OpenWay, BPC, Temenos, Backbase, Paymentology, AWS.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>M\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2: ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Role v\u00e0 Product<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng khi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i thanh to\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh theo t\u1eebng ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>MoMo, ZaloPay, Viettel Money cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 v\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, QR l\u1eabn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thu h\u1ed9\/chi h\u1ed9 \u2014 nh\u01b0ng theo khung Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 40\/2024\/TT-NHNN, primary identity ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 <strong>trung gian thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p<\/strong>; c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c (capability) \u0111i k\u00e8m.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 Issuer, v\u1eeba Acquirer, v\u1eeba Settlement Bank c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u2014 vai tr\u00f2 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang x\u00e9t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<li>NAPAS v\u1eeba l\u00e0 Domestic Infrastructure (chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch\/b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb) v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd trung gian thanh to\u00e1n \u2014 hai vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n nhau tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Switching, Routing, Clearing v\u00e0 Settlement<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 4 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m hay b\u1ecb d\u00f9ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Switching<\/strong> \u2014 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt giao d\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean (issuer, acquirer) qua m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00e2m; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u00e0 NAPAS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Routing<\/strong> \u2014 b\u01b0\u1edbc trong chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng\/t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi switching trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clearing<\/strong> \u2014 theo BIS CPMI glossary, g\u1ed3m truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ec7nh thanh to\u00e1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 netting v\u00e0 t\u00ednh v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ea7n settle. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n batch t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc settlement trong m\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u2014 \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t (nh\u01b0 RTGS), b\u01b0\u1edbc clearing c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed9p g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi v\u1edbi settlement.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Settlement<\/strong> \u2014 chuy\u1ec3n giao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5, l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi Recipient.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 <a href=\"https:\/\/impress.vn\/en\/tin-tuc\/nen-tang-acquiring-hien-dai\/\">n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Acquiring hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/a> tr\u00ean Impress m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch \u0111i qua c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y t\u1eeb ph\u00eda acquirer.<\/p>\n<h2>Card Scheme, Financial Messaging Network v\u00e0 Payment Rail \u2014 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng thay th\u1ebf nhau<\/h2>\n<p>Ba kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn khi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac thanh to\u00e1n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Card Scheme<\/strong> (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Visa, Mastercard, JCB) \u2014 s\u1edf h\u1eefu network authorization\/clearing\/settlement ri\u00eang cho giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ebb, c\u00f3 network rules v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ri\u00eang. Xem th\u00eam c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd trong b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/impress.vn\/en\/tin-tuc\/authorization-giao-dich-the\/\">authorization giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ebb<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Financial Messaging Network<\/strong> (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 SWIFT) \u2014 ch\u1ec9 mang \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u0103n\/ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh (d\u00f9ng chu\u1ea9n ISO 20022), b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n KH\u00d4NG di chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t payment rail.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Payment Rail<\/strong> \u2014 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch NAPAS, RTGS, ACH.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>R\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i mang t\u00ednh <strong>t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p minh ho\u1ea1<\/strong> \u2014 t\u00ean v\u00e0 logo doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c claim c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf RTGS\/ACH \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o (NAPAS 247, giao d\u1ecbch gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn, hay c\u1ea3 hai) ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a SBV\/NAPAS x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft trong ph\u1ea1m vi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u2014 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh NAPAS\/NAPAS 247 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh clearing\/settlement c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (gross\/net, real-time\/deferred) ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec RTGS\/ACH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea chung nh\u00f3m Domestic Infrastructure.<\/li>\n<li>Danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Payment Agents (\u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng hay trung gian thanh to\u00e1n ri\u00eang) ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong ph\u1ea1m vi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 minh ho\u1ea1 &#8220;Vietnam Payment Ecosystem Map&#8221; \u2014 Payment Market Insight, th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u Impress Technology (d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 URL c\u00f4ng khai).<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bis.org\/cpmi\/glossary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BIS CPMI \u2014 A glossary of terms used in payments and settlement systems<\/a> (\u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Clearing).<\/li>\n<li>Swift \u2014 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u00e0nh x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n coexistence MT\/ISO 20022 cho CBPR+ k\u1ebft th\u00fac 22\/11\/2025 (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 URL c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>N\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i thanh to\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2014 t\u1eeb 8 b\u01b0\u1edbc chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn 12 nh\u00f3m actor v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t vai tr\u00f2 v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u2014 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 IT v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nhanh h\u01a1n khi x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c m\u1edbi hay \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng thanh to\u00e1n. Impress Co. \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ATM\/POS trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n: <a href=\"https:\/\/impress.vn\/en\/\">impress.vn<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n, qu\u1eb9t th\u1ebb hay qu\u00e9t m\u00e3  [&#8230;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":95265,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[441],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-95264","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kien-thuc-thanh-toan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/impress.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95264","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/impress.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/impress.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/impress.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/impress.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=95264"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/impress.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95264\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":95266,"href":"https:\/\/impress.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95264\/revisions\/95266"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/impress.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/95265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/impress.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95264"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/impress.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=95264"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/impress.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=95264"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}