{"id":95380,"date":"2026-10-28T15:05:42","date_gmt":"2026-10-28T08:05:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/impress.vn\/?p=95380"},"modified":"2026-10-28T15:05:42","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T08:05:42","slug":"huy-va-hoan-giao-dich-the","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/impress.vn\/en\/tin-tuc\/huy-va-hoan-giao-dich-the\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ee7y V\u00e0 Ho\u00e0n Giao D\u1ecbch Th\u1ebb: Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t Reversal, Void, Refund V\u00e0 Chargeback"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng g\u1ecdi l\u00ean t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00e0i: “T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee7y \u0111\u01a1n, sao t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n v\u1eabn b\u1ecb gi\u1eef ti\u1ec1n?”. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i so\u00e1t th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u00ec sao c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 “ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n” m\u00e0 c\u00f3 giao d\u1ecbch bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, c\u00f3 giao d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1ch to\u00e1n ri\u00eang. G\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ebb<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c duy nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau: Reversal, Void, Refund v\u00e0 Chargeback. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n trong giao ti\u1ebfp nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, d\u00f9 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ed1n c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea1nh ba b\u01b0\u1edbc “thu\u1eadn” c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ebb (Authorization, Capture, Presentment) trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh duy nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 ra ranh gi\u1edbi quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh thanh to\u00e1n hay g\u1eb7p khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

\"S\u01a1<\/figure>\n

7 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ebb<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ebb \u0111i qua ba b\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Authorization<\/strong> \u2013 t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thanh to\u00e1n, merchant g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p t\u1edbi issuer. Issuer ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t hold<\/em> (t\u1ea1m gi\u1eef) tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c, ti\u1ec1n ch\u01b0a di chuy\u1ec3n. Xem th\u00eam b\u00e0i Authorization giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ebb v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ra sao<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  2. Capture<\/strong> \u2013 merchant x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd thu kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p, giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o batch. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n
  3. Presentment<\/strong> \u2013 batch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi qua card network t\u1edbi issuer, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t financial claim<\/em> (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thanh to\u00e1n).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Song song v\u1edbi ba b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n nh\u00e1nh “\u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c”: Authorization Reversal<\/strong>, Void<\/strong>, Refund<\/strong> v\u00e0 Chargeback<\/strong>. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

    B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/th>\nTh\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\nAi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng<\/th>\nTi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 di chuy\u1ec3n?<\/th>\nT\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/th>\nISO 8583 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Authorization<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m giao d\u1ecbch<\/td>\nMerchant (qua cardholder)<\/td>\nCh\u01b0a \u2013 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t hold<\/td>\nV\u00e0i gi\u00e2y<\/td>\n0100\/0110<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Capture<\/strong><\/td>\nSau Authorization, tr\u01b0\u1edbc Presentment<\/td>\nMerchant<\/td>\nCh\u01b0a \u2013 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd thu<\/td>\nT\u1ee9c th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y (auto\/delayed capture)<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 MTI ri\u00eang; ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh DMS\/SMS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Presentment<\/strong><\/td>\nSau Capture, th\u01b0\u1eddng theo chu k\u1ef3 cu\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y<\/td>\nMerchant\/Acquirer<\/td>\nT\u1ea1o financial claim \u2013 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 ghi n\u1ee3 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ebb hay \u0111\u00e3 settlement xong<\/td>\nTheo chu k\u1ef3 batch<\/td>\n0200\/0210 ho\u1eb7c message clearing ri\u00eang theo scheme<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Authorization Reversal<\/strong><\/td>\nTr\u01b0\u1edbc khi giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o Presentment<\/td>\nMerchant\/Acquirer, \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng khi timeout<\/td>\nCh\u01b0a \u2013 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng hold<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c issuer\/scheme\/ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n0400\/0410 ho\u1eb7c 0420\/0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Void<\/strong><\/td>\nSau Authorization\/Capture, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi batch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi (th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y)<\/td>\nMerchant<\/td>\nCh\u01b0a, ho\u1eb7c v\u1eeba capture nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a r\u1eddi batch<\/td>\nTh\u01b0\u1eddng nhanh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 SLA chung<\/td>\nTh\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1edf t\u1ea7ng gateway\/acquirer, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 MTI ri\u00eang<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Refund<\/strong><\/td>\nSau Settlement<\/td>\nMerchant, theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch<\/td>\n\u0110\u00e3 di chuy\u1ec3n \u2013 c\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i<\/td>\nV\u00e0i ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/td>\nGiao d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 MTI\/reference ri\u00eang<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Chargeback<\/strong><\/td>\nSau Settlement, trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n do t\u1eebng scheme quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\nCardholder\/Issuer<\/td>\n\u0110\u00e3 di chuy\u1ec3n \u2013 b\u1ecb “k\u00e9o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c”<\/td>\nV\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng message ISO 8583 chu\u1ea9n; x\u1eed l\u00fd qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng dispute ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a network<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    L\u01b0u \u00fd: m\u00e3 MTI trong b\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 implementation ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i quy t\u1eafc chung cho m\u1ecdi network\/processor.<\/em><\/p>\n

    Ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i khi h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ebb: tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay sau khi ti\u1ec1n di chuy\u1ec3n<\/h2>\n

    N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n